Grammar Skills

Exercise 38: Combine the two sentences in each item by using the correlative conjunction given.

1.    Both physics and chemistry are classified as physical sciences.

2.    Neither we cannot classify mathematics as a biological science nor classify psychology as a physical science.

3.    Not only botany and zoology are normally considered biological sciences but also they are generally requirements for B.S. degree.

4.    All liberal arts majors have to take either two physical science courses or instead take two biological science courses.

5.    In order to graduate not only do all students in college must take certain required courses, but also they have to take some electives.

exercise 39: Combine the following sentences by first using a gerund then an infinitive, and finally it in the subject position. 

1.    She takes a math course every semester. This is difficult.

-       Taking a math course every semester is difficult.

-       To take a math course every semester is difficult.

-       It is difficult to take a math course every semester.

2.    During the semester, she goes to class every day. This is a good idea.

-       Going to class every day during the semester is a good idea.

-       To go to class every day during the semester is a good idea.

-       It is a good idea to go to class every day during the semester.

3.    She takes notes as the professor does the sample problem on the board. This is useful.

-       Taking notes as the professor does the sample problem on the board is useful.

-       To take notes as the professor does the sample problem on the board is useful.

-       It is useful to take notes as the professor does the sample problem on the board.

4.    She does the homework problem regularly. This takes time.

-       Doing the homework problems regularly takes time.

-       To do the homework problems regularly takes time.

-       It takes time to do the homework problems regularly.

5.    She turns the homework in every day. This gives her a sense of satisfaction.

-       Turning the homework in every day gives her a sense of satisfaction.

-       To turn the homework in every day gives her a sense of satisfaction.

-       It gives her a sense of satisfaction to turn the homework in every day.

6.    She gets good grades. This is the best reward.

-       Getting good grades is the best reward.

-       To get good grades is the best reward.

-       It is the best reward to get good grades.

Exercise 25: Answer each of the following questions with to complete sentences. Write one sentence with in order to + an infinitive and the other with so that.

1.    For what purpose should you think about your intended major?

-       You should think about your intended major in order to choose a university that is well-qualified and staffed in you major.

-       You should think about your intended major so that you can choose the best university with that major.

2.    For what purpose should you visit different universities ‘web sites?

-       You should visit different universities ‘web sites in order to be completely informed of what each one can offer you.

-       You should visit different universities ‘web sites so that you can have a clear view of what they can offer.

3.    For what purpose should you think about your financial situation?

-       You should think about your financial situation in order to choose a university that fits your budget.

-       You should think about your financial situation so that you can be covered in all your college classes.

4.    For what purpose should you find out about financial aid?

-       You should find out about financial aid in order to know if you qualify and they can cover your college expenses.

-       You should find out about financial aid so that you can pay all your college expenses.

5.    For what purpose should you find out about part-time jobs?

-       You should find out about part-time jobs in order to support yourself without your parents help.

-       You should find out about part-time jobs so that you can be somewhat independent.

Exercise 26: Following are four reasons for liking the sudy of biology. Write a sentence for each of the transitions given. Some of these transitions introduce adverbial clauses of cause.

1.    Biology ystematicaly classifies living things.

-       Because of: I like the study of biology because of its systematic classification of living things.

-       So: Biology it’s a systematic classification of living things so I like the study of it.

-       Thus: Biology studies the systematic classification of living things thus I like it.

2.    Biology explains the characteristics of living things.

-       Because of: I like the study of biology because of the explanations of the characteristics of living things.

-       For: I like the study of biology for the explanations of the characteristics of living things.

-       Therefore: Biology explains the characteristics of living things therefore I like it.

3.    Biology explains the interdependence of living things.

-       So: Biology explains the interdependence of living things so I like it.

-       As a result: I like biology since it explains the interdependence of living things as a result I study it.

-       Since: I like the study of biology since it explains the interdependence of living things.

4.    Biology encourages curiosity and research.

-       Consequently: Biology encourages curiosity and research consequently I like it.

-       For this reason: Studying biology encourages curiosity and research, for this reason I like it.

-       Because: I like the study of biology because it encourages curiosity and research.   

Exercise 2: Word partners. Use the information in the word partnership boxes to complete the sentences in the paragraph. More than one answer may be possible.

          Heart disease is the number one killer of both men and women in the United States and many other countries. To reduce your chance of having a heart attack, it is important to know the (1) risk factors and eliminate any that you can. Two (2) crucial factors, age and family history, although they are very important, cannot be changed. However, other (3) contributing factors that add to your risk can be changed. These include your weight, diet, and level of activity. First, there appears to be a (4) direct link between a person’s weight and heart health. If a person is overweight, his or her heart must work harder to deliver blood to all of the parts of the body. Researchers have also (5) click on a strong link between diet and heart health. For example, eating foods like oatmeal, fish, nuts, and olive oil can lower cholesterol that might block an artery. Perhaps the most (6) key factor is one’s level of activity. Even moderate activity like walking the dog or gardening can be a (7) deciding factor in how long a person will live. People who add more activity to their lifestyle almost always (8) find a link between their increased activity and a better mood, higher energy level, and even weight loss.